STEP 2: Very Short Questions
a. What does data from 00000000 to 11111111 represent?
This data represents 256 different combinations that computers use to store letters, numbers, and special characters in their memory.
b. Which one is broadband transmission?
| |No. of channel|Distance covered|Modulator |
|A |1 |Short | Not needed|
|B |2 |Long. |Needed |
Option B is broadband transmission because it uses multiple channels, covers long distances, and needs a modulator to change digital signals into analog signals.
c. What signal is represented by this wave? (A sine wave is shown in the diagram)
The sine wave shown in the diagram represents an analog signal, which is a continuous electrical signal that flows smoothly like a wave.
d. Give two examples of audio file format.
Two examples of audio file formats are MP3 and WAV.
e. Why are we called a citizen of the internet nowadays?
We are called citizens of the internet or netizens because most of our daily activities like banking, education, shopping, and socializing now happen online through the internet.
f. Make a slogan to raise public awareness on digital well-being.
“Surf safe, stay sane: Balance your digital life for a healthier brain.”
g. When can we truly obtain digital well-being?
We can truly achieve digital well-being when we use technology in a way that keeps our physical health, mental health, emotions, and social relationships healthy without letting screen time harm our real-world life.
h. Write the full form of ADC and DAC.
ADC stands for Analogue Digital Converter, and DAC stands for Digital Analogue Converter.
i. In which type of transmission, the digital signals are converted into analog signals before passing into the channel?
In broadband transmission, digital signals are changed into analog signals before they travel through the communication channel.
STEP 3: Short Questions
a. Digitization has reduced the burden of carrying cash during buying and selling goods but it is not without risk. Explain.
Digital technology has changed how we handle money by letting us transfer funds and pay bills using digital wallets like e-Sewa and Khalti without carrying physical cash. However, this convenience comes with serious risks. Hackers and cybercriminals can steal digital data and commit crimes like identity theft, fraud, and misusing personal information. There is always a danger that our private financial details could leak into the wrong hands, leading to money loss or privacy violations. Therefore, while digital payments are convenient, users must stay alert and follow safety measures to protect themselves from online threats.
b. If three numbers of binary digits are used to make digital data, what are the possible combinations? Enlist.
The possible combinations using three binary digits are:
∙ 000
∙ 001
∙ 010
∙ 011
∙ 100
∙ 101
∙ 110
∙ 111
c. Balance between physical well-being, mental well-being, emotional well-being and social well-being is very important for digital well-being. Explain.
Digital well-being means using technology in a way that protects our overall health. Physical well-being requires us to avoid problems like eye strain, headaches, and bad posture caused by too much screen time. Mental well-being means preventing stress, anxiety, or addiction that can come from overusing digital devices. Emotional well-being is maintained by practicing good online behavior and avoiding harmful activities like cyberbullying. Social well-being ensures we don’t isolate ourselves from family and friends in real life by spending too much time online. Only when we balance all these aspects can we truly say we have achieved digital well-being.
d. Mr Y has a fake account on Facebook. He uses it to follow others and make hurtful comments. But the friends now knew it was him.
i. What wrong did he do as a netizen? What should he have done instead?
Mr. Y broke netiquette rules by creating a fake account to hide his identity and deceive others. He practiced cyberbullying by posting hurtful and humiliating comments that hurt people’s feelings. He failed to respect others’ privacy and behave ethically online. Instead of using a fake identity to be mean, he should have used his real account to communicate respectfully and kindly with others.
ii. What can he do to improve his online reputation now?
To repair his online reputation, Mr. Y should apologize sincerely for his hurtful actions and correct any false information he spread. He needs to delete the fake account and stop hiding behind false identities. He should start practicing good netiquette by being respectful, helpful, and honest in his online interactions. He must also learn to respect others’ privacy and never share private content without permission.
e. How has the development of digital technology increased social crimes? Explain briefly.
Information and Communication Technology includes all the computer and internet tools we use to send and receive information. Unfortunately, digital technology has increased social crimes because criminals can hide their identities online, especially on the dark web, while committing illegal acts. They use technology for fraud, blackmail, stealing money, identity theft, and even organizing criminal groups. While technology brings many benefits, its misuse by criminals has led to a sharp rise in modern cyber crimes and social problems.
f. Your friend regularly uses the internet for various purposes. He randomly keeps opening websites without taking care of the cautions that pop out. Suggest to him a few internet etiquette that he must follow while surfing on the internet.
I suggest the following measures to him;
∙ Always verify that information is true and reliable before sharing it to avoid spreading fake news
∙ Respect other people’s privacy by never sharing their personal messages or photos without their permission
∙ Think carefully before posting comments to make sure they won’t put you or others in danger
∙ Avoid clicking on suspicious websites or pop-up warnings that might steal your data or infect your device with viruses
g. What is copyright? Why should we not use the intellectual property of other people?
Copyright is a legal protection that gives creators ownership and control over their original work, such as books, music, videos, or software. We should never use other people’s intellectual property without permission because it is unethical and illegal to copy or download someone’s work without their consent. We must always respect the creator’s rights and give proper credit or references when using their work. Respecting copyright helps maintain fairness and legality in the digital world.
h. Hari has significantly decreased screen time, does not use digital gadgets, does regular exercise, meditates, behaves well with others and contributes to social work. What is he trying to achieve?
Hari is working to achieve digital well-being by managing his relationship with technology wisely. By reducing screen time and limiting gadget use, he prevents physical problems like eye strain and poor posture. His commitment to regular exercise and meditation supports both his physical and mental health. By treating others well and participating in social work, he maintains healthy real-world relationships and avoids isolation. Hari’s balanced approach ensures that technology serves as a helpful tool rather than becoming an addiction that controls his life.
STEP 4: Long Questions
a. Study the given conversation and answer the following questions:
∙ Umanath: I never give mobile to my child because it ruins their learning ability.
∙ Kailash: I disagree! I give my mobile to my child all the time. It helps them to do Homework.
∙ Gokul: I believe we should allow children to use mobiles but only for a couple of hours per day.
i. Who is well aware of digital well-being?
Gokul is well aware of digital well-being because he understands the importance of balanced technology use by allowing children to use mobile devices while limiting their screen time to prevent overuse.
ii. What are the factors necessary for true digital well-being?
∙ Maintaining physical health by avoiding eye strain, headaches, and inactive lifestyles
∙ Protecting mental health by preventing technology addiction, stress, and anxiety
∙ Ensuring healthy social relationships and avoiding isolation from family and friends
∙ Practicing good online behavior and ethical use of digital resources
iii. What are the precautions for digital well-being?
∙ Limit daily screen time to prevent physical tiredness and mental exhaustion
∙ Use the internet for productive activities like learning instead of mindless scrolling
∙ Carefully manage your online reputation to maintain a positive image
∙ Balance time between the digital world and real-world activities and relationships
b. How can we hear sounds from loudspeakers when someone is singing on a mic? Describe the signal transmission.
When someone sings into a microphone, the sound starts as an analog signal. The microphone acts as an input transducer that converts the physical sound waves into electrical signals. An encoder then compresses this digital data into fewer bits to make transmission more efficient. A modulator converts the digital signal into analog format so it can travel through the communication channel. The signal travels from the transmitter to the receiver through this channel. At the receiving end, a demodulator reverses the modulation process to recover the signal. A decoder then processes the signal digitally to reduce errors. Finally, the output transducer in the loudspeaker converts the electrical signal back into sound waves that we can hear.
c. What do you mean by online reputation? What role does it play in the promotion of business companies? What can organizations do to maintain a good online reputation?
Online reputation is how people perceive a person or business based on information, reviews, comments, and opinions that appear about them on the internet. For businesses, online reputation is extremely important because about 91% of customers prefer companies with high ratings and positive reviews, while negative reviews can cause significant loss of customers and income.
To maintain a good online reputation, organizations should:
∙ Continuously monitor their brand for negative comments or attacks
∙ Listen to and value the opinions and concerns of their followers
∙ Share accurate information and clear content with the public
∙ Respond to customer questions and concerns promptly and politely
∙ Apologize for mistakes quickly and correct wrong information immediately
d. What are social networking sites? How does it affect a child? Mention its two positive effects and two negative effects on them.
Social networking sites are websites and applications like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube that connect people and allow them to share ideas, views, photos, videos, and creativity with others.
Positive effects on children:
∙ Children can stay connected with friends and share their daily lives instantly
∙ They provide easy access to educational content and learning resources quickly
Negative effects on children:
∙ Excessive use can lead to technology addiction and lower academic performance
∙ Children may become victims of cyberbullying, which can cause emotional pain and depression
e. [Sanjila is trying to produce the signals. She is using an electrical transistor to produce signals. She turned the switch on and off alternately. The voltage-time graph of AC will start from zero and shoot directly up to the maximum, stay constant for some duration and drop back to minimum zero. It forms a square wave during the process.]
What kind of signal is formed in this experiment? Mention its range. Enlist the possible combinations of two numbers of this signal formed in this experiment are combined to form data. Draw the voltage-time graph to represent this activity.
Type of signal: The signal produced in this experiment is a digital signal because it creates a square wave by switching between low and high voltage levels.
Range: This signal shows values in the range of 0 and 1, where 0 represents low voltage (off) and 1 represents high voltage (on).
Possible combinations of two digits:
∙ 00
∙ 01
∙ 10
∙ 11
Voltage-time graph: The square wave graph starts at zero voltage, jumps straight up to maximum voltage (1), stays constant for some time, then drops straight back down to zero (0). This pattern repeats, creating a square wave shape.